Women who had used long-acting hormonal contraceptives (subdermal implants, injections, or hormonal intrauterine devices) had an increased risk of meningioma the odds ratio for at least 10 years of use was 2.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 7.5). An increased relative risk of meningioma was found among postmenopausal women for ever use of hormone replacement therapy, with an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.8). Data were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, residential area, education, and parity. Detailed information on hormone usage, including use of hormonal contraceptives, hormonal treatment for gynecologic problems, and hormone replacement therapy, was collected from 178 meningioma cases, 115 glioma cases, and 323 controls. Controls were randomly selected from the study base. In a population-based case-control study, the authors identified all women aged 20–69 years who had been diagnosed with meningioma or glioma during 2000–2002 in four regions of Sweden. Prior observations have implicated gender-specific hormones in the pathogenesis of these tumors. The etiology of brain tumors is largely unknown.
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